In this paper, the emissions savings and net revenue calculations are conducted with respect to five different Independent System Operator/Regional Transmission Organization regions, after which future EV market penetration rates are predicted using an Agent-Based Model designed to account for various uncertainties, including regulation service payments, regulation signal features, and battery degradation. The purpose of this study is to predict the future net revenue and life cycle emissions savings of Vehicle to Grid technologies for use in ancillary (regulation) services on a regional basis in the United States. Vehicle to Grid systems are promising substitutes for traditional gas turbine generators, which are relatively inefficient and have high emissions impacts. a b s t r a c t Vehicle to Grid technologies utilize idle EV battery power as a grid storage tool to meet fluctuating electric power demands. However, PJM region has an approximately $97 million overall net revenue potential. For a single vehicle, net revenue of V2G service is highest for the New York region. The future market share of electric vehicles is predicted using an Agent-Based Model.

A regional net revenue and life cycle emissions savings of V2G system is conducted. Vehicle to Grid (V2G) technology for use in ancillary services is studied.